                              RADIORAFT 3.21
                       RADIO SIGNAL DECODER SOFTWARE
                Copyright (c) 1996-2002 by Francois Guillet
                            All rights reserved.

                          RADIORAFT USER'S GUIDE
                   --------------------------------------
This file is the "on line" help of RadioRaft. Don't open this file outside
of RadioRaft: use preferably the help file "RaftAide.htm" that you may
visualize from your Internet browser in much better conditions.
                   --------------------------------------

CONTENTS:       See also the MODES AND OPTIONS - USER'S GUIDE

       1. RADIORAFT: INTRODUCTION
            1. Main characteristics
            2. What MODES can RadioRaft 3.20 decode?
            3. What are the system requirements for RadioRaft?
            4. RadioRaft particulars
       2. INTERFACE
            1. Diagram of the interface
            2. Utilization of a demodulator
       3. FIRST STEPS
            1. Installation
            2. RadioRaft starting point
       4. PRESENTATION OF THE SCREEN
            1. First line
            2. Second line, menu bar
            3. Third line
            4. Main window
       5. OVERVIEW on FUNCTIONING
            1. Scanning and automatic synchronization
            2. Manual synchronization
       6. THE  MENU BAR
            1. "File" menu and "Edit" command
            2. "Scan" command
            3. "Manual" command
            4. "Modes" menu
            5. "Bauds" menu
            6. "Modulation" menu
            7. "View" menu
            8. "Option" menu
            9. "Help" menu
       7. MISCELLANEOUS
            1. Create a RadioRaft diskette
            2. Keyboard shortcuts
            3. Compatibility with windows
            4. Coding and cryptography...
            5. Troubleshootings
            6. Glossary

                   --------------------------------------

                          RADIORAFT: INTRODUCTION

    RadioRaft is intended to enthousiastics about radio technics of data
             transmissions, as well beginners as experienced.

                                  WARNING
    You are insured that RadioRaft is designed in accordance to the main
         specifications of reception modes but not to all of them.
 RadioRaft SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR PROFESSIONAL MONITORING WHEN SAFETY IS AT
                STAKE (modes ACARS, NAVTEX, GMDSS-DSC...).
            RadioRaft DOES NOT DECODE GMDSS DISTRESS MESSAGES.

  1. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
  2. WHAT MODES CAN RADIORAFT 3.20 DECODE?
  3. WHAT ARE THE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIORAFT?
  4. RADIORAFT PARTICULARS

                            MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

       a. What is RadioRaft?
       b. License agreement
             o RadioRaft 3.20 free version
             o RadioRaft 3.20 full version

What is RadioRaft?

RadioRaft version 3.20 is a DOS program capable of automatic decoding of
many radio data transmission modes found in the UHF, VHF or short-wave
radio bands.

To help in identification of unknown signals, RadioRaft version 3.20
includes a baud meter, frequency meter, shift meter, quality signal
indicator, signal tracking, bit by bit display...

Received texts can be saved to files or printed, partially or in their
entirety.

Between the receiver and the PC can be either a very simple and inexpensive
interface (see the Diagram of the interface) or a more sophisticated
demodulator.

License agreement

                   RADIORAFT 3.20 is not public domain.
                         There are two versions :
   the free version and the full version, depending on the installation.

The RadioRaft software package is the same for the 2 versions.

The RadioRaft 3.20 software package may be freely copied and distributed.
Unauthorized sale of RadioRaft is strictly prohibited. The software and/or
manual may not be modified in any way without the prior written permission
by the author.
You must keep confidential the codes for the installation of the full
version.

RadioRaft 3.20 free version

   The RadioRaft 3.20 free version is freeware and not limited in time!
          Only the reception of the following modes is available:

           CW Morse, RTTY Baudot, SITOR-A, ARQ-E, FEC-A, DIGIT.

The other modes can be detected or selected, but text will only be
displayed in a small window of 9 characters.
All other features are the same as the fully registered version.
This version is intended above all to evaluation purpose.

RadioRaft 3.20 full version

If you would like to access the full range of features that RadioRaft
supports, you must register with the author or an authorized distributor.
After registering you will receive your confidential codes for the
installation of the full version. See the files README.TXT and ORDER.TXT
for all details. They are included in the RadioRaft software package that
you can download.

                         The author of RadioRaft:

                             Francois Guillet
                           10 route des Goulets
                             F- 44880 SAUTRON
                                  FRANCE

                        E-mail: radioraft@wanadoo.fr
               WEB site: http:\\pro.wanadoo.fr\radioraft\
                  Mirror site: http:\\radioraft.free.fr \

                                                        Back to the summary

                   WHAT MODES CAN RADIORAFT 3.20 DECODE?

Modes supported are:

ACARS-VHF         ARQ-E         ARQ-E3     ARQ-M2 (+si-fec)  ARQ-M4
ARQ-N             ARQ-6/90      ARQ-6/98   ASCII           AUTOSPEC
BAUDOT            CIS11         CW (Morse) DGPS            DUP-ARQ (Artrac)
FEC-A (FEC-1000)  GMDSS-DSC (1) HNG-FEC    PACKET (Ax25)   PACTOR-I
POCSAG (2)        POL-ARQ       RUM-FEC    SI-ARQ (Arq-s)  SITOR-A (Amtor-A)
SITOR-B (Amtor-B) SPREAD        SWED-ARQ   UOSAT Oscar-11  1382
BaudMeter         DIGIT

                   (1) RadioRaft doesn't decode GMDSS distress messages
                   (2) Pocsag needs an interface with hysteresis adjustment

Mode names are in accordance with the recommendations found in the "Radio
Data Code Manual" by Joerg Klingenfuss (Klingenfuss Publications,
Hagenloher Str.14, D- 72070 Tubingen, Germany).
Modes can be received at any speed from 10 to 6400 bauds.
You will find all details on the modes in the "MODES AND OPTIONS USER'S
GUIDE"  (files RAFTMODE.TXT or RAFTMODE.HTM).


              WHAT ARE THE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIORAFT?

You need at least:

   * IBM PC 486 or Pentium
   * VGA color screen
   * serial port COM 1 up to 4, using irq 1 to 7
   * 3"5 internal floppy driver A:
   * MsDOS version 3.3 or more
   * 550 Kb free conventional RAM
   * 1 Mb on your hard disk
   * a radio receiver and an interface connecting the audio output of the
     radio and a serial port of the PC. A very simple interface can be used.
     This interface is COMPATIBLE with many other programs used by
     radioamateurs. It is simple to build and also available in trade. You
     can also use a more sophisticated and effective MODEM or demodulator.

  A PC 386 can be enough for baud rates inferior to 300 bauds (no warranty
  above).

                           RADIORAFT PARTICULARS

Some advantages of RadioRaft over other decoding programs are:

   * Automatic decoding at any polarity or shift, and speed (no need of
     manual operations except for CW)
   * An interface and a demodulator can be connected simultaneously.
   * Supports many reception modes
   * Reception speeds can be from 10 up to 6400 bauds, by step of 0.1
     Bauds, at any mode
   * The demodulation can be chosen independently of the reception mode.
   * The decoding is optimized even for disturbed receptions (with the help
     of a programmed PLL at the data rate, and a separate mark/space
     demodulation)
   * All commands are accessed through easy-to-use menus with the keyboard
     or the mouse. The use of menus does not interrupt the reception nor
     the display
   * The program is very fast in automatically scanning and identifying the
     received transmission and the easy-to-use menus make navigating the
     RadioRaft a snap
   * RadioRaft was entirely created in assembler

                   --------------------------------------

                                 INTERFACE

  1. DIAGRAM OF THE INTERFACE
  2. UTILIZATION OF A DEMODULATOR

RadioRaft needs a simple interface with a comparator circuit that is
similar to the Radio/PC interface used by several other decoding packages.

You can also use a demodulator. The advantage in using the demodulator
(MODEM) rather than the interface is to improve the decoding quality
proportionally to the efficiency of the demodulator, which depends on the
hardware.

   The interface and the demodulator can be connected simultaneously. The
presence of the interface is necessary for working with the frequency/shift
meter. In any case, it is always a good idea to insert a narrow band filter
 between the output of the receiver and the input of the demodulator or the
 interface. A 500 Hz pass-band filter is a good compromise for the most of
                         the received HF signals.

                          DIAGRAM OF THE INTERFACE

See the file raftcirc.gif for the schema.

The input signal from the receiver is amplified. The op-amp works as a
comparator, resulting in a rectangular output signal. This signal is the
same as the output signal of the receiver, but at RS232 levels (+/- 12V).
In reality, the output level is slightly weaker, because the power
consumption of the op-amp drops the voltage supplied by the outputs DTR
(+12V) and RTS (-12V).

Unused pins CD, RI and possibly CTS and RTS must be connected to the ground
(GND), because some serial ports detect ghost signal on no connected
inputs.

R2 and R3 are required only for the POCSAG mode.
For all modes but POCSAG you can remove R3 and replace R2 by a short cut.

  LM741 Pin out
         +V OUT
      8   7  6  5
      |   |  |  |    Op Amp
    |-------------|
    |             |  LM741 or TL071
    |             |
    |-|           |  DIL case, top view
      |           |
    |-|           |   +V = positive supply
    |             |   -V = negative supply
    |             |   -I = inverted input
    |-------------|   +I = direct input
      |   |  |  |    output
  Pin 1   2  3  4
         -I +I -V

SERIAL PORT RS232 PIN OUT (9 AND 25 PINS).

  DB-9 Connector

Pin    Signal            Pin       Signal
--------------------------------------------------
1 CD   Carrier Detect     6   DSR  Data Set Ready
2 RXD  Receive Data       7   RTS  Request to Send
3 TXD  Transmit Data      8   CTS  Clear to Send
4 DTR  Data Term. Ready   9   RI   Ring Indicator
5 GND  Ground

          DTR GND
  ----------|-|----
  \   1 2 3 4 5   /
   \  o o o o o  /
    \   o o o o /
     \ 6 7 8 9 /
      -|-|-|---
       |RTS|
      DSR CTS

The unused pins are not represented
CTS only used with the modem.
RTS only used with the interface.

  DB-25 Connector

Pin     Signal           Pin     Signal
----------------------------------------------------
 1 GND  Ground / Shield   14     {2nd TXD}
 2 TXD  Transmit Data     15     Transmit Clock
 3 RXD  Received Data     16     {2nd Rec. Clock}
 4 RTS  Request to Send   17     {Receive Clock}
 5 CTS  Clear to Send     18     {Unassigned}
 6 DSR  Data Set Ready    19     {2nd RTS}
 7 GND  Ground            20 DTR Data Term Ready
 8 DCD  Carrier Detect    21     {Sig. Quality}
 9      {Reserved}        22 RI  Ring Indicator
10      {Reserved}        23     {Data Rate Sel.}
11      {Unassigned}      24     {Transmit Clock}
12      {2nd CD}          25     {Unassigned}
13      {2nd CTS}

          RTS DSR
           |CTS|GND
 ----------|-|-|-|----------------
 \   1     4 5 6 7           13  /
  \  o o o o o o o o o o o o o  /
   \  o o o o o o o o o o o o  /
    \14          20         25/
     -------------|-----------
                 DTR

The unused pins are not represented
CTS only used with the modem.
RTS only used with the interface.


                        UTILIZATION OF A DEMODULATOR

The demodulator part of a modem can be used instead of the interface. The
demodulator output must be connected to the CTS input of the serial port.
Diagrams of RTTY demodulators are numerous in radioamateur publications.

To optimize the reception, it will be necessary to use filter demodulators,
much more efficient than PLL demodulators, especially for low speeds (<200
bauds). At speeds faster than 300 bauds, performances of these two systems
and the interface are close to each other. At 1200 baud, it is not possible
to use a filter demodulator, and RadioRaft works as well with the interface
as with a PLL demodulator. To use a commercial modem is possible. It must
provide the V21 mode that allows correct reception of any FSK transmission
up to 300 bauds. It will be necessary to modify its connection to the PC,
because RadioRaft uses the CTS input, and not the usual RX input. The
selection of the V21 mode of the modem must be made before running
RadioRaft.

                   --------------------------------------

                                FIRST STEPS

  1. INSTALLATION
  2. RADIORAFT STARTING POINT

                                INSTALLATION

You can also see the file "README.TXT" for the installation procedure. The
installation program automatically creates the directory of your choice and
copies there all the RadioRaft files.

Preferably exit WINDOWS and make the installation from MsDOS.
Under WINDOWS 3.1x quit WINDOWS. Under WINDOWS 95 or 98 you need to reboot
in MsDOS mode.

RadioRaft works properly only from MsDOS. However you can make the
installation from WINDOWS.

To install the FREE version, you can run RR.EXE from a diskette, a CD-ROM
or a hard-disk.

To install the FULL version, you must run RR.EXE only from a RadioRaft
diskette and you need installation codes.

To run the installation program under MsDOS from a diskette, enter:
A:RR <ENTER>
        <ENTER> indicates the enter key.

Follow the 4 installation menus which are very explicit:

  1. Select your language (English or French)
  2. Choose to install the free or the full version
  3. Enter the folder name for the installation. It can include a full
     path. Each name in the path must be based on the 8.3 DOS format.
  4. If you install the full version: enter the serial number and your
     password
  5. Select "Modem" if you are using a real demodulator, or "Interface" for
     the one op-amp interface named also "Hamcomm" interface
  6. Select the number of the serial port you are using, and indicate the
     values for addresses and irq according to your hardware.

When the installation ends, the program runs.

  The parameters you entered can then be modified by clicking "Options" in
the menu bar. The parameters are saved to the file RADIORAF.CFG in the same
 directory as RR.EXE. At each start of the program, RadioRaft searches for
  the file RADIORAF.CFG to get the configuration. It contains all options
  modifiable from the "Options" menu. This file can be read with any text
 editor, but it must NEVER be modified except through the "Options" menu.
  If the file RADIORAF.CFG has been modified with a text editor, RadioRaft
 may become dysfunctional. If this occurs, you must delete RADIORAF.CFG and
                          re-install the program.

                          RADIORAFT STARTING POINT

To start up the program, enter from the MsDOS prompt (C:\>):
               RADIORAF\RR
(replace "RADIORAF" by the name of your installation directory or the
path).

RR.EXE is both the installation and the RadioRaft executable file.

                   --------------------------------------

                         PRESENTATION OF THE SCREEN

  1. FIRST LINE
  2. SECOND LINE, MENU BAR
  3. THIRD LINE
  4. MAIN WINDOW

                                 FIRST LINE

This line gives information in real-time on the transmission during
reception.

Example:

|RadioRaft|01/04/99 12:34:56|POCSAG|FFSK1|1200|0/FFFF|----<SIGNAL>----

|RadioRaft| indicates that RadioRaft is not synchronized, otherwise this
"small reception window" displays all received characters as they are.

|Date time| you can display the UTC or local time, depending on the time
lag in the "Options" menu. The time is in European format (DD/MM/YY). The
date is always the local date.

|POCSAG| is the name of the current mode.

|FFSK1| is the modulation type.

|1200 +/-| is the baud rate. You can change it by clicking directly on the
digits or by clicking the +/- character for standard values.

0 or 1 (blinking) indicates the bit polarity.

FFFF is the character polarity indicator. This bits pattern in hexadecimal
indicates the polarity of the 16 latest received characters. Generally this
pattern is 0000 if the shift is normal, or FFFF if the shift is reversed.
Transmissions ARQ-E or ARQ-M use different patterns.

Two bars of hyphens precede and follow the indication: <SIGNAL>. The
maximal lengthening of 2 bars indicates a perfect reception. The left bar
displays the quality of the audio signal coming from the interface. This
feature is not available when you are using only a modem. It is not
significant in POCSAG.

   The right bar displays the quality of the data demodulated signal. The
    selected baud rate must fit the transmission speed. Nevertheless, an
 incorrect indication can occur when the speed selected in RadioRaft is an
    exact multiple of the transmission speed. The shortening of this bar
             indicates a bad reception or an erroneous speed.

                           SECOND LINR, MENU BAR

    This is the menu bar. See below the details on menus and commands.

                                 THIRD LINE

 This is the line used by the frequency/shiftmeter when it is enabled (See
                        the menu "View" or hit F8).

                                MAIN WINDOW

From the 4th line to the bottom, the received text is displayed. The text
is kept in a 64 Kb buffer. If you have received more than 64 Kb of text,
the oldest text in the buffer is deleted in order to make room for the new
text.

If you want to view text that has scrolled past the top of the screen, stop
the scrolling, or if you desire to save or print all the text or a part,
click or enable "Edit", in the menu bar or hit "ESC" or "Page Up".

In case of reception of one or several consecutive erroneous characters,
RadioRaft displays a single character ~ (ASCII 126).

Special characters as control characters can be displayed as they are or as
plain text, depending on options in the "View" menu.

                   --------------------------------------

                          OVERVIEW on FUNCTIONING

  1. SCANNING and AUTOMATIC SYNCHRONIZATION
  2. MANUAL SYNCHRONIZATION

 Note: IN ANY MODE, IN ANY MENU, IN ANY COMMAND, IN ANY HELP SCREEN YOU ARE
 IN, RadioRaft REMAINS CONSTANTLY WATCHING THE INPUT SIGNAL, AND STORES ALL
                   RECEIVED TEXT IN A 64KB MEMORY AREA.

                   SCANNING and AUTOMATIC SYNCHRONIZATION

       a. Scanning all modes, all speeds
       b. Simple mode, all speed and all mode, simple speed scanning
       c. Demodulation and signal tracking
       d. Remarks about the automatic scanning

Scanning all modes, all speeds

When RadioRaft starts, it switches to the automatic scanning mode and
attempts to determine the characteristics of the transmission: type of
modulation, FSK shift, reception mode and its speed.
If you are using a modem, the modem makes the demodulation itself. The
features of RadioRaft concerning the demodulation, the signal tracking and
shift measurement are disabled.

Only the current speeds of the scanned modes are detected (option by
default) or all speeds of synchronous transmissions are evaluated to within
0.5 bauds, depending on the option "Scan only standard baud rates" in the
menu Options/Strategy/.

RadioRaft attempts to decode in different modes and speeds that it displays
on the1st screen line.

When it identifies the mode and the speed, the mode name, the baud rate,
the type of modulation and the tracking signal reading remain stable on the
screen. After receiving 10 characters (option by default, menu
Options/Strategy/Minimum text length) RadioRaft displays in the main window
a title with the date, time, modulation and mode names and the received
text: RadioRaft is now synchronized.

At the beginning of the first line of the screen, in the "small reception
window", RadioRaft displays the latest 9 received characters, including
special characters and allowing you to see what is really transmitted.

When RadioRaft is not synchronized the word "RadioRaft" is displayed in the
"small reception window".

If you know the mode used by the transmission that you are receiving or its
speed or the modulation type and mark/space frequencies in FSK, you can fix
these settings by selecting "Mode" in the menu bar and choosing the mode in
the list, or its speed in the "Bauds" menu or the modulation
characteristics in the "Modulation" menu.

To activate the full automatic scanning mode of RadioRaft, click "Scan" in
the menu bar. The mark preceding "Mode", "Modulation" or "Bauds" indicates
that the automatic scanning is active. To click "Scan" disables all
scanning modes if one was enabled or enables all scanning modes if none was
in effect.

When RadioRaft is synchronized with a transmission and the reception is too
disturbed or if you change the station, RadioRaft restart the scanning
after a 4 seconds delay (option "Hold delay" by default). This value can be
modified from the menu "Options/Strategy/Hold delay".

When RadioRaft is synchronized and you want to maintain the mode on which
it has stopped, disable the scan mode (by clicking on "Scan") to inhibit
all future automatic scanning.

Simple mode, all speed and all mode, simple speed scanning

To enable the automatic scanning of all modes with only one speed, select
the reception speed in the Bauds menu and click "Scan-Mode" in the "Mode"
menu. To start the automatic scanning of the speed of only one mode, choose
the mode and click "Scan-bauds" in the "Bauds" menu.

In the menu bar, "MODE", "MODULATION" and "BAUDS" are preceded by a dot or
a mark. You can click the dot or the mark to toggle the scanning mode only
for each topic.

Demodulation and signal tracking

Using the interface, RadioRaft selects the demodulation type in accordance
to the modes it scans, and the signal tracking attempts to evaluate the
mark/space frequencies for FSK modes or the center frequency in AM.

When RadioRaft is synchronized, the signal tracking is stopped (default
option "Auto-tracking", modifiable in the menu
"Options/Strategy/Auto-tracking" or in the menu "Modulation").

When RadioRaft is synchronized, you can start or stop the signal tracking
by clicking "Signal tracking" in the "Modulation" menu or by clicking on
the dot or the mark preceding the name "Modulation" in the menu bar.

You can also choose the modulation type independently of the mode.

Remarks about the automatic scanning

The efficiency of the scanning is guaranteed only for transmissions having
real traffic. Very numerous transmissions (specially in ARQ-M, FEC-A or
ARQ-E) consist of idle characters. These transmissions, due to their
repetitive content (you can hear that), no longer possess the
characteristics allowing their identification. They are even sources of
confusion with other modes: in this case it can occur that RadioRaft
synchronizes on an erroneous mode or speed. This is not really a problem
because if such a station resumes the traffic, RadioRaft re-synchronizes.

You can also use the F5 key to restart the scanning.

The automatic scanning does not cover CW. It is necessary to select it
manually. If you are using a demodulator, you must also choose the right
shift.


                           MANUAL SYNCHRONIZATION

You can select the manual synchronization by clicking on "Manual" in the
menu bar or by typing F4.

       a. Why a manual mode?
       b. How it works
       c. Manual operations

WHY A MANUAL MODE?

A best decoding can be obtained by selecting the manual synchronization, in
some cases as following:

   * when the signal is very disturbed
   * when the transmission is not continuous and consists in short messages
     (commonly used in radioamateur RTTY/Baudot transmissions).

HOW IT WORKS

When you select the manual synchronization, RadioRaft considers that the
data signal is right and it displays characters, as the signal would be
perfect. Of course in case of bad signal many error characters will be
displayed (ASCII 126, ~).

MANUAL OPERATIONS

If RadioRaft is synchronized with a signal and you select the manual mode,
RadioRaft will not restart the mode or the scanning if the signal
disappears. The synchronization is maintained over large periods of fading.

If RadioRaft is not synchronized and you select the manual mode, the
RadioRaft synchronization is forced. But the data signal will be surely not
in phase with what expects RadioRaft. You must manually shift bit by bit
the data signal in advance or in delay so that it coincides with RadioRaft.
Type the keys F9 (left shift) or F10 (right shift) until right characters
are displayed.

A best way is to hit the F5 key to restart the mode. Then wait for the
automatic synchronization. The automatic synchronization happens only if
the signal is right during a certain period of time depending on the mode.

For the asynchronous modes (Baudot, or ASCII without the option
"Synchronous decoding"), you don't need to manually shift the data signal.
RadioRaft considers the first "0" bit as a start bit and decodes the data.
A mode option allows you to fix the shift (if you know it) which improves
the decoding.

                   --------------------------------------

                            THE DIFFERENT MENUS

  1. "FILE" MENU AND "EDIT" COMMAND
  2. "SCAN" COMMAND
  3. "MANUAL" COMMAND
  4. "MODES" MENU
  5. "BAUDS" MENU
  6. "MODULATION" MENU
  7. "VIEW" MENU
  8. "OPTION" MENU
  9. "HELP" MENU

                       "FILE" MENU AND "EDIT" COMMAND

       a.     Edit/Actualize
       b.     Receive
       c.     Open...
       d.     Write
       e.     Write to...
       f.     Print
       g.     Printer setup...
       h.     Create a diskette
       i.     Quit

Most of the commands of the "File" menu need the mode "Edit" to be enabled.
Click or enable "Edit" in the menu bar if "Edit" is not marked, or click
"Edit/Actualize" in this menu. You can also use the "ESC" key to toggle the
Edit/Receive mode. When "Edit" is enabled, a scroll bar appears on the
right of the text, and you can move through the 64-Kb (maximum) text
buffer, with the mouse or the keyboard. You can use usual editor commands
to move through the text (arrows, mouse), or to select a part of text for
printing or saving.
The menu "Help/Help on help and menus" give details on how to use the mouse
or the keyboard.

Edit/Actualize

If "Edit" is not enabled, this command does it. If "Edit" is enabled, this
command updates the text: in the "Edit" mode, you are no longer able to
view the most recent receptions. If RadioRaft has received text since you
entered the "Edit" mode, this command will add it at the end of the already
received text and will display the last screen page of text.

Receive

The "Receive" command allows you to exit the "Edit" mode (same effect as
disabling "Edit" or hitting the "ESC" key).

Open...

This menu allows you to open a file already written to disk. You are
prompted with its name (or the complete path). You can display previously
received texts that you had saved, or open any ASCII text file of less than
64Kb (not only those created with RadioRaft).

Write

This menu allows you to save text to a file on disk. The "Edit" mode must
be enabled. Text will be written to the last file handled (that with the
name displayed by the "Write to..." or "Open..." commands). The default
filename is RADIO.TXT. In order to prevent the accidental over-writing of
previous logging to this file you should modify the file name by the "Write
to..." command.

If you wish to save only a part of the text, first select the area (move
the mouse with left button down, or use arrow keys by keeping the SHIFT key
down). The selected text area appears inverted compared to the rest of the
text. If an area is selected, this command saves only the marked section
and not the whole text.

Write to...

This menu is identical to the "Save" command, except that you are prompted
with the file name. You may give only the name (the file is then saved in
the RadioRaft directory), or the complete path (for ex. A:\RADIO.TXT for
saving on drive A:).
To validate CLICK  <OK>.

Print

The "Edit" mode must be enabled. The "Print" command concerns the entire
text or the selected area, as indicated for the "Save" command.
WARNING: the printing routine doesn't verify that the characters sent to
the printer are "printable". Some transmission modes allow special
characters (ASCII codes from 0 to 31, or upper than 127). Sending these
characters to the printer can give unexpected results (for ex. font change,
form feed...). Make sure you are printing text, not whimsical characters
corresponding to the PACKET transmission of a program! Some of the stations
do not transmit the "line feed" character (LF) after a "carriage return"
(CR). RadioRaft automatically adds the "line feed".

To select a printer or to print in a file, see below the menu "Printer
setup...".

Printer setup...

The "Printer setup" menu permits you to select the printer path, which can be
either a printer port or a file name, and to enable the continuous printing.

   * Printer path: enter either the name of your printer port, or the path
     and file name to print in a file.
   * Continuous printing: to enable this option permits the received text
     normally displayed on the screen to be also continuously printed out or
     written to a file. If the next option is enabled, a form feed is sent
     to the printer each time you disable the continuous printing
   * Send form feed at end: if enabled, a form feed is sent to the printer
     each time you print a text from the edit mode or you disable the
     continuous printing.

The continuous printing needs the edit mode to be disabled. Nevertheles if
it is enabled, the text you receive is not discarded. But it will be
printed only when leaving the "Edit" mode.
WARNING: in continuous printing mode, the printer must accept characters
at least at the rate they are received, otherwise the display at screen
hangs up and the decoding can be disturbed.
If the "Printer path" is a file name, the "Print" command available in the
"Edit" mode will also apply to this file, but the "Write" and "Write to"
commands don't (they operate on their own file name).

Create a diskette

This menu permits you to create or verify a RadioRaft diskette.

You can create a RadioRaft diskette to give it or to distribute it freely.
You are authorised to do it, even though you are using the full version to
create this diskette by this command, because the disk you create will
permit to install the full version only with new codes.
You can also create the same diskette from the free version, to obtain a
serial number. The RadioRaft diskette is customized. The RadioRaft serial
number permits you to register with the author or an authorised distributor
and to obtain the codes for the installation of the full version from this
diskette.
The diskette must have been formatted.

This menu permits also to retrieve the serial number of a RadioRaft
diskette and to check the presence of all the RadioRaft files.

WARNING:
- before beginning, format the diskette with the DOS command: FORMAT A: /U
(pre-formatted or Windows formatted diskettes can be unreliable).
- each diskette you create has a different RadioRaft serial number. The
codes for the installation of the full version are relative only to that
diskette with that serial number you gave to obtain the codes or to that
diskette you ordered.
You could not install the full version from a new diskette you created,
with the installation codes you got by registering before.

Quit
You can also use the Alt+F4 key to exit at any time.


                               "SCAN" COMMAND

If the mode or baud rate scanning are enabled, this command disables them,
otherwise the full RadioRaft scanning mode is set.

 In the menu bar, "MODE", "MODULATION" and "BAUDS" are preceded by a dot or
 a mark. You can click the dot or the mark to toggle the scanning mode only
                              for this topic.

                              "MANUAL" COMMAND

 This command forces RadioRaft to synchronize with a signal or to maintain
  the synchronization even when the signal is lost or very disturbed. You
 must disable the scanning modes before enabling the manual mode. See above
         "Manual synchronization" for all details on this feature.

                                "MODES" MENU

       a.     Options (F6)...
       b.     Alphabetical list / List by type
       c.     Scan-modes

This menu permits to select a mode by clicking on its name in the list.
When you select a mode, the scanning of modes is stopped.

You will find all details on the modes in the "MODES AND OPTIONS USER'S
GUIDE" in the files RAFTMODE.TXT or RAFTMODE.HTM.

Options (F6)...

The menu "Options (F6)..." depends on the mode. It permits to set options
specific to the current mode. Some modes have no option. For all details on
the options of modes, see above.

Alphabetical list / List by type

This command permits to display the numerous names of the modes at your
convenience. The default mode is a list by type.

Scan-mode

The "Scan-mode" command enables or disables the scanning of modes. Same
effect as clicking on the dot or the mark preceding "MODE" in the menu bar.

It has no effect on the bauds scanning or the signal tracking.


                                "BAUDS" MENU

       a.     Scan-baud
       b.     Bauds input field, values

This menu allows you to set a value or to choose it in a list.

Scan-baud

The "Scan-baud" command enables or disables the automatic search for the
transmission rate. Same effect as clicking on the dot or the mark preceding
"BAUDS" in the menu bar.

Only the current speeds of the current mode are detected (option by
default, menu Options/Strategy/Scan only standard baud rates) or the
reception speeds of the synchronous transmissions are evaluated to within
0.5 bauds (opposite option).

Bauds input field, values

You can enter any value in the input field, or select one from the list of
standard values. Outside of this menu "Bauds", you can change the baud rate
by:

   * directly clicking on the digit of the number of bauds displayed on the
     first screen line. A left click increases the value; a right click
     decreases it. You can also type + or -.
   * clicking on +/- that appears after the baud value (or type + or -), to
     set the next standard value or the previous one if you click right.


                             "MODULATION" MENU

       a.     Signal tracking
       b.     Auto-tracking
       c.     Automatic modulation
       d.     Restore nominal value
       e.     FSK / AM frequency input fields

This menu permits to manage 2 functions: the modulation type and the
frequency tracking.

It is not available if you are using a demodulator instead of the
interface. With a demodulator these functions are (or must be) provided by
the hardware.

Signal tracking

The signal tracking permits to value the mark and space or shift
frequencies of FSK modes or the AM/CW center frequency.

When "Auto-tracking" is disabled or when RadioRaft is synchronized, the
command "Signal tracking" allows or not allows the signal tracking for all
FSK or AM/CW modulations.

To disable the signal tracking when RadioRaft is not synchronized, you need
to disable also the "Auto-tracking".

You can allow or not allow the signal tracking independently for each FSK
or AM/CW modulation by clicking the corresponding "Tracking" topic. The
signal tracking for a particular modulation type is in effect only when
both "Signal tracking" and "Tracking" are enabled.

Auto-tracking

If "Auto-tracking" is enabled, the signal tracking is automatically
disabled or enabled when RadioRaft is synchronised or not.

If you want  to enable or disable the signal tracking manually, disable the
"Auto-tracking" the first.

You can also set this option in the menu "Options/Strategy" and save it by
the command "Options/Save options...")

Automatic modulation

If this option is selected (option by default), RadioRaft choose
automatically the modulation type for the current mode.

Nevertheless the modulation can be selected independently of the mode by
clicking on the modulation type. For ex. it is interesting to choose FSK1
for demodulating CW signal using an FSK modulation instead of a single
frequency.

The modulations that can demodulate RadioRaft are:

FSK1: FSK demodulation for modulation rates < 400 bauds. Mark and space are
demodulated separately which improves the decoding during signal selective
fading.

FSK2: FSK demodulation for modulation rates > 400 bauds. As the current
mark/space frequencies are often 1200/2200 Hz, the option "Tracking" for
this mode is disabled by default.

FSK2 can be used instead of FSK1 but the results with FSK1 are better for
baud rates < 400.

AM/CW: AM demodulation for modes using only one frequency as CW. Only
carriers with an "all or nothing" level can be demodulated. The interface
doesn't permit to handle AM that would use intermediate amplitude levels.

FFSKi: fast FSK modulation using an audio signal synchronous with the data
rate. In the name "FFSKi", i indicates the index of modulation, e.g. the
ratio "Frequency shift"/"Baud rate" where "Frequency shift" = "Space
frequency" - "Mark frequency".

   * FFSK0 (index=0.5), also named MSK: typically Mark/Space are 1200/1800
     Hz, e.g. 600 Hz shift and 1200 bauds rate. RadioRaft set automatically
     the right mark/space frequencies in accordance with the baud rate. For
     ex. if you select 600 bauds, the mark/space frequencies will be
     600/900 Hz.
   * FFSK1 (index=1): typically Mark/Space are 1200/2400 Hz, e.g. 1200 Hz
     shift and 1200 bauds rate. RadioRaft set automatically the right
     mark/space frequencies in accordance with the baud rate. For ex. if
     you select 600 bauds, the mark/space frequencies will be 600/1200 Hz.
   * FFSK2 (index=2): typically Mark/Space are 1200/2400 Hz,  e.g. 1200 Hz
     shift and 2400 bauds rate. RadioRaft set automatically the right
     mark/space frequencies in accordance with the baud rate. For ex. if
     you select 600 bauds, the mark/space frequencies will be 300/600 Hz.

DFSK: direct FSK. Only Pocsag uses DFSK. The interface provides directly
the data signal. You need an hysteresis adjustment on your interface to
handle DFSK correctly.

Restore nominal value

This command restore the nominal frequency values:

   * FSK1: Mark/space 1650/1850 Hz, shift 200 Hz (mode V21).
   * FSK2: Mark/space 1200/2200 Hz, shift 1000 Hz.
   * AM/CW: center frequency 800 Hz.

FSK / AM frequency input fields

You can choose any frequencies in the band 300-2700 Hz. You can enter the
mark and the shift frequency (the space is automatically adjusted), or the
space (the shift is automatically adjusted).

If you enter a frequency, the signal tracking is disabled for this
modulation type.

If the signal tracking is enabled, RadioRaft displays in the input fields
the frequencies it finds.


                                "View" MENU

       a.     Clear screen (F2)
       b.     Restart mode (F5)
       c.     Status window (F7)
       d.     Frequencymeter (F8)
       e.     Display control codes
       f.     ASCII codes as plain text
       g.     Time rows
       h.     Lock letter shift

Clear screen (F2)


Restart mode (F5)

This command restart the mode or the scanning. You can use it when
RadioRaft is synchronized on a bad mode or speed.


Status window (F7)

This command opens a window named "status window" which displays the
following topics:

   * Synchronized: if marked, RadioRaft is synchronized
   * Error: an error occurs (character or parity error, or error in the
     protocol of the mode).
   * Channel: reference of the channel (for ex. C indicates the channel C
     of a 4 channels transmission as ARQ-M4). Only ARQ-M2 or M4 has
     multi-channels possibilities. You can select the channel in the option
     menu of the mode. For the other modes, channel is A.
   * Idling: idling or filling characters are transmitted. Such characters
     are transmitted when there is no traffic on the channel or when the
     character rate is inferior to the channel capacity. For example
     characters beta or alpha used in ARQ-M are idling characters.
   * Repetition: used in arq modes to indicate that there is a repetition
     of blocks or sequences.
   * Repetition request: used in arq modes to indicate that a repetition is
     requested.
   *
     Repetitions occur when the link between 2 stations transmitting arq
     modes is bad. Repetitions or repetition requests are sometimes similar
     protocols and not differentiable (ARQ-E/M).
   * Calling: the station is calling (selective call).
   * Hoffman: the transmission is using Hoffman compression.

A particular mode doesn't not handle all the topics (for ex. Hoffman
compression is used only in PACTOR)


Frequencymeter (F8)

The F8 key allows you to enable/disable the frequency meter without opening
this menu.

An option in the menu "Options/Frequencymeter at the start" permits the
frequencymeter to run automatically when you start RadioRaft.

The frequency meter requires that the signal from the interface be present
at the DSR input of the serial port.

On the third screen line, it indicates the mark/shift frequencies of FSK
transmissions (for ex. 1650/ 200) or the center AM/CW frequency.

A cursor displacing on a scale between 0.3 and 2.7 kHz allows you to
instantly view the received signal frequency.

The mark/space frequencies of FSK signals are detected by the frequency
tracking and displayed on the scale.
The signal is located within the signs <<< and  >>> indicating the inferior
and superior limits.

If the frequency tracking is not active, the mark/space frequencies limits
are those preset in the "Modulation" menu.

For AM/CW modulation, or for FSK and RadioRaft detecting only one
frequency, the shift is 0 and only the center frequency is marked on the
scale.


Display control codes

Control characters (for ex. signals of synchronization alpha or beta) are
necessary for the transmission but normally they are not displayed. Their
display is automatic in the <small reception window>. If you enable this
option, this characters are also displayed in the main text.

This option also forces the display of repetitions in ARQ modes, the
display of the 2 channels in the SITOR-B mode and the display of as many
ASCII characters 126 (~) as errors.

Control characters used by modes that don't transmit ASCII characters, are
translated in ASCII control codes (ASCII 1-31).

   * Character "Bell": ASCII 7 {BEL}
   * Character "letter shift": ASCII 14 {SO}
   * Character "figure shift": ASCII 15 {SI}
   * Synchronization character "Alpha": ASCII 30 {RS}
   * Synchronization/Idle character "Beta": ASCII 22 {SYN}
   * Repetition character RQ: ASCII 21 {NAK}

Exceptions:

   * Character "Null": ASCII 64 (@)
   * Character "carriage return": ASCII 217 {CR}
   * Character "line feed": ASCII 218 {LF}
   * For all modes: RadioRaft indicates one or several consecutive errors
     by the ASCII character 126 (~).

ASCII codes as plain text

If you select this topic and "display control character", ASCII control
codes are displayed as plain text delimited by { and }, for ex.{CR}{LF}.

This method avoids unexpected effects on printer when you print texts with
control codes.

Time rows

This option permits to display the time at the beginning of each new line
of text. For modes by packets (as Packet-radio, Pocsag, ACARS...), the time
is displayed at the beginning of each new packet.

The time displayed is the local time or the UTC time if you have set the
right time lag (menu "Options/UTC/Local time lag). If the time lag is 0
RadioRaft displays the local time.

Lock letter shift

The activation of this option forces the display of letters, and not of
figures or signs, for all modes having a code with special characters
"letter shift" or "figure shift" like Baudot, 4/7 codes, rum-fec... Indeed,
these codes do not allow to display the totality of letters, figures and
signs. Therefore a special character (named "letter shift" or "figure
shift") is transmitted at a time, to indicate that henceforth letters, or
figures, will be transmitted. If this character has been received
erroneously, figures will be displayed while letters are transmitted.
Therefore, the activation of this option forces automatic letters display.
In the case of an erroneous reception, you can thus correct the situation:
just enable/disable this option to force the letters, without locking.

See also the option "Letter shift on CR/LF" in the menu
"Options/Strategy/": this option by default permits to automatically
activate the letter shift after receiving CR/LF characters.


                               "OPTIONS" MENU

  a. Modem / Interface
  b. Shift
  c. Ports...
  d. Strategy...



       1. Synchro
       2. Scan
       3. Signal tracking
       4. Display
  e. Frequencymeter at the start
  f. Printer setup (same as in the menu "File/Printer setup")
  g. Colors
  h. Video
  i. Language
  j. Local/UTC time lag
  k. Save settings / Load settings

This menu allows you to set the parameters concerning the interface, the
port, the colors, the video display, the language and the strategy of
decoding. You can save all the options in a file or restore them.

Modem / Interface

Select "Interface" or "MODEM" depending on your hardware.

When you select "Interface", RadioRaft gives you the possibility to fix the
modulation types and their characteristics (menu "Modulation").

Shift

This option reverses the level 0/1 of the demodulated data. As RadioRaft is
auto-shift, you don't need to click "Shift" except if you are using a MODEM
for CW demodulation and the data level is inverted, or if you want invert
the character polarity indicator on the first screen line.

In FSK, a normal shift means that the space (respectively mark) corresponds
to a bit 0 (respectively 1). The mark is the lower frequency of the pair of
frequencies used by the FSK transmission. If you click "Shift", these
values are reversed. The shift can also be reversed by the station that
transmits, or because you are receiving in LSB instead of USB.

Ports...

You can select the serial port connected to the Radio/PC interface (port
COM 1 to 4). You must set address and irq number of the COM port you are
using in accordance to your hardware. RadioRaft accepts only IRQ 1 to 7.
After modifying numerical values press the ENTER key to validate.

Strategy...

This menu permits you to fix some program behaviors concerning the
synchronization, the scanning, the signal tracking and the display.

     Synchro

- Hold delay

Time in seconds while RadioRaft maintains the synchronization even though
the signal is lost.

The nominal value is 4 seconds.

When RadioRaft is in scanning mode and it has found the right mode, in case
of signal fading or changing, it resumes the scanning only when this time
is elapsed.

If this time is too short, RadioRaft restarts frequently the scanning (as
many times as the signal is a bit disturbed). If it is too long and you
change the received station, you must wait during this time before
RadioRaft attempts a new search.

This time is disabled when you choose the manual synchronization.

- Minimum text length

When RadioRaft was scanning and it finds a right mode, this is the minimum
number of characters that it must wait for before writing the title and the
text in the main window. This number by default is 10. If it is too short,
the risk is RadioRaft stops the scanning on wrong modes.

     Scan

- Scan only standard baud rates

With this option (option by default) and "Scan-baud" enabled, RadioRaft
scans only the current baud rates of the mode (or of each mode if
"Scan-mode" is also enabled).

If this option is disabled, RadioRaft is using the BaudMeter to measure any
speed within 0.5 baud and test the mode at the speed it found (or each mode
if "Scan-mode" is also enabled). In scanning mode the BaudMeter works only
with synchronous modes (all modes except Baudot).

     Signal tracking

- Auto-tracking

If this option is enabled (option by default), the signal tracking is
automatically disabled when RadioRaft is synchronized with a station and
enabled when it is not.

- Use 25 Hz shift step

If this option is enabled (option by default, which improves the FSK signal
tracking), the shit is rounded to 25 Hz multiples, otherwise RadioRaft
attempts to find the shift within 1 Hz.

     Display

- Letter shift on CR/LF

With this option RadioRaft forces the "letter shift" after receiving the
carriage return / line feed characters.

Explanations on the letter shift/figure shift are given above (see the menu
View/Lock letter shift)

.- Low cases preferably

To activate this option (by default) allows to display texts in lower case
for modes having no such case (only modes using ASCII characters can
normally transmit lower cases). RadioRaft even attempts to maintain the
first uppercase letter at the beginning of the sentences, which provides a
more agreeable text for reading.

Frequencymeter at the start

If you enable this option and save the options in the file RADIORAF.CFG,
the frequencymeter is automatically displayed when RadioRaft will restart.

Colors

You can set the colors of the following menu:

   * main menu: first screen line and menu bar
   * Secondary menus: menus opened from the menu bar
   * Other menus: all other menus
   * Main window: main text area

For each one you can select the color of the letters or the background of
the following topics:

   * Text: text on the window
   * Titles of the menus (for the main menu, it's the first screen line).
   * Key-letters: color of key-letters
   * Selection: color of selected areas.

Video

You can select the video mode. Before selecting a new video mode, be sure
that your video card accepts this mode.

The mouse works only in the standard video mode (mode 03, 25 X 80).

See the on-line menu "Help on the help and menus" for more details for
changing colors and video modes.

Language

French or English

Local/UTC time lag

If you prefer that RadioRaft displays the UTC time instead of the local
time, you must set the time lag between the UTC time and the local time at
your location, modulo 24. For example:

   * Set 5 if the UTC time is 5 hours plus your local time.
   * Set 20 (= 24 - 4) if the UTC time is 4 hours minus your local time.
   * Set 0 to display local time.

RadioRaft supposes that the clock of your PC gives the local time.

Save settings / Load settings

You can save your configuration, or restore one that you had already
established. You will be prompted with the name of the file. Then click
<OK>: all parameters that you have chosen (language, ports, interfaces and
frequencies, colors, video modes, shift, strategy) are saved.

You can give any name to a parameters file, but it is always the parameters
in the "RADIORAFT.CFG" file that are loaded when you start the program. You
must save your parameters in this file for an automatic loading.


                                "HELP" MENU

"Main help" allows access to this help file while RadioRaft is running.
This help file is the complete documentation of the program.

"Help on modes and options" give details on the different modes that
RadioRaft decode and on the options specific to each modes.

"The help on help and menus" is for those who are not familiar with the
menus, the selections of commands, and the use of the mouse. Users who know
pop-up menus don't need this help, because the utilization of menus in
RadioRaft is the same as in many other programs. Nevertheless there are
some useful commands to note increase/decrease numerical values by clicking
on a digit or by typing + or -. This help also shows how to modify colors
and video modes.

"Keyboard shortcuts" gives the main keys you can directly type instead of
opening menus.

"Obtain the full version" is intended to users of the free version. It give
all details to create a RadioRaft diskette and to register.

"About..." gives the references of the software.

                   --------------------------------------

                               MISCELLANEOUS

  1. KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
  2. COMPATIBILITY WITH WINDOWS
  3. CODING AND CRYPTOGRAPHY
  4. TROUBLESHOOTINGS
  5. GLOSSARY

                             KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

   * ESC: toggle between the modes "Edit" and "Reception", or to close
     a window.
   * PgUp: to enter the mode "Edit", then to scroll down the text.
   * F1: for help
   * F2: to clear the screen
   * Alt+F4: to quit the program
   * F4: to enter the manual mode
   * F5: to restart the current mode or the scanning
   * F6: to display the options menu of the current mode
   * F7: to display the status window
   * F8: to display the frequencymeter
   * F9: to shift by one position left the bits in DIGIT mode or in
     manual operation
   * F10: to shift by one position right the bits in DIGIT mode or in
     manual operation
   * Ctrl+B: scan-baud toggle
   * Ctrl+D: signal tracking
   * Shft+D: auto-tracking
   * Ctrl+M: scan-mode toggle


                         COMPATIBILITY WITH WINDOWS

YOU ARE ADVISED TO NOT START RadioRaft IN A MsDOS SESSION. WINDOWS slows
the program. Real time functions of RadioRaft can be incompatible with
WINDOWS for a correct decoding, and may even cause total malfunctioning.

  You have no guarantee that RadioRaft will function correctly. Remember:
                        RadioRaft is a DOS program.

                         CODING and CRYPTOGRAPHY...

These 2 concepts are distinct: the coding transposes a plain text in coded
informations with associated protocols (for ex. start/stop bits), so that
it will be transmittable on a circuit. The code is not secret. It just
allows the transmission and possibly protects against errors. The code +
protocol group is designated as a "reception mode" in RadioRaft.

The cryptography allows one to voluntarily scramble a plain text so that it
could not be intercepted by any one but its addressee. The encrypted
message can then be coded as any clear message, for its transmission.
RadioRaft decodes many modes, but it does not decipher any. Most shortwave
transmissions are encrypted. An encrypted message transmitted in a mode
supported by RadioRaft will be received correctly and will appear for
example like 5 digits or letters series, or like random symbols. Of course,
the message will not be understandable.

Some transmissions are not at all received with RadioRaft: the codes or
protocols of these transmissions are unknown, which does not mean that
these transmissions are encrypted. In these cases, RadioRaft does not
display anything.

Some transmissions seem encrypted, however they are not: for example a
transmission in Morse transmitted by a Russian station in the Cyrillic
alphabet, will have no meaning when decoded in Latin alphabet; yet the
message is a plain text...


                              TROUBLESHOOTING

MOUSE

   * The mouse cursor doesn't move:
   *
     Check the port number. You may have selected the serial port used by
     the mouse. With the keyboard, select the correct port in the
     'Options/Ports...' menu, save the options, quit, re-boot the PC and
     restart RadioRaft.

THE RECEIVER GET A SIGNAL BUT NOTHING HAPPENS

   * If you run RadioRaft from Windows, reboot your PC in DOS mode and
     restart RadioRaft.
   * The frequencymeter doesn't indicate any correct value. Check the
     hardware: is the interface plugged in? Wrong pin connections?
     Interface failure? Check the options: wrong port number? Wrong port
     addresses and irq?
   * The frequencymeter gives the right frequency: in FSK1 check the signal
     tracking is on (menu "Modulation"), in FSK2 check that the
     transmitting station is using the standard 1200/2200 Hz frequencies
     pair. If it isn't, select the right values or activate the signal
     tracking (menu "Modulation").
   * If the scanning is set: the transmission mode of the signal is not a
     RadioRaft supported mode, or the reception is too disturbed. Try with
     other stations. Remember that CW must be manually selected (menu
     "Mode").
   * If the scanning is not set, may be you selected a wrong mode or speed.

REPETITIVE CHARACTERS ARE DISPLAYED

   * If signs are displayed in the <small reception window>, the station is
     transmitting idle characters or repetitions that are normally not
     displayed in the main window.
   * If repetitive characters are displayed in the main window, the station
     is probably transmitting idle characters or repetitions or
     synchronization characters, but RadioRaft has stopped the scan on
     wrong modes or speeds and display random characters. Wait until the
     station resumes the traffic, or reset the scan (key F5) and try again.
   * A station transmitting repetitive characters in a mode not supported
     by RadioRaft is another possibility.

ERROR IN CREATING THE RadioRaft DISKETTE

   * Format a diskette from the DOS command: FORMAT A: /U and try again
     with it.
   * Note that the full version can't be installed without internal 3"5
     floppy driver A:


                                  GLOSSARY

   * ACARS: Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System
   * AM: amplitude modulation
   * ARINC: Aeronautical Radio, INC,  2551 Riva Road, Annapolis, MAryland
     21401, USA
   * ARQ: Automatic Repetition reQuest
   * BPS: Bit Per Second, e.g. real traffic flow (data rate).
   * BAUD: unit for the modulation rate, e.g. the opposite of the duration
     of the smallest transmitted element (for example, 50bauds corresponds
     to 20 ms elements).   Not equal to "BPS", because some types of
     modulation (for example MFSK) allows transmission of several bits
     simultaneously.
     The unit "baud" comes from the name of the French engineer Baudot who
     created the first 5 elements telegraph in the 19th century.
   * CW: Continuous Wave
   * DFSK: Direct Frequency Shift Keying (no subcarrier)
   * DGPS: Differential GPS
   * DSC: Digital Selective-Calling. In GMDSS, mode specified by
     recommendation ITU-R M.493-6.
   * FEC: Forward Error Correction
   * FFSK: Fast FSK
   * FSK: Frequency Shift Keying
   * GMDSS: Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
   * GPS: Global Positioning System (or Satellite)
   * INTERFACE: circuit transforming the audio signal from the speaker into
     the same but square signal compatible with the electric levels RS232
     of serial COM ports.
   * LSB: Low Side Band
   * MARK: data level 1 of a signal corresponding to the lower frequency
   * MMSI: Maritime Mobile Service Identity
   * MODEM: modulator/demodulator (only the demodulator function of a modem
     is needed for RadioRaft).
   * MODULATION: transformation of a data signal into a signal compatible
     with a transmission circuit. The process makes the data signal varies
     one or several parameters (amplitude, phase, frequency) of one or
     several "carriers" that form the transmitted signal.
   * MSK: Minimum Shift Keying
   * POCSAG: Post Office Code Standardization Advisory Group
   * RQ: repetition request
   * SHIFT: frequency displacement of FSK signal within the lower and the
     higher frequencies
   * SPACE: data level 0 of a signal corresponding to the highter frequency
   * SYNCHRONIZATION: indication of a RadioRaft state in which a right bits
     pattern, characteristic of a mode, has been detected. RadioRaft is
     phasing with it.
   * TOR: Telex Over Radio.
   * USB: Up Side Band.
   * 1382: ST/PAA/TPA/1382, specification of a data and signalling
     transmission system from the "Centre National d'Etudes de
     Telecommunications" of France Telecom.

